The Second Basic Concept
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Aspect
Okay, this is the tricky one. Probably the reason why it so tricky is that many other languages simply don’t have it! So when you start learning this in English, it can seem very confusing.
So what’s an ASPECT?
An aspect is a point of view, a way to look at something.
In grammar, an aspect is a way to change the verb in order to show additional information about it.
This additional information tells us whether the action is complete or ongoing (in progress).
For example:
In the sentence “I eat apples,” the verb “eat” has a simple form.
Meaning, it only shows us the time of the action. It doesn’t give us any additional information.
Compare it with the following sentence:
“I am eating an apple.”
Now, here the verb form “am eating” does not only show us the time of the action, but it also gives us an additional piece of information. It tells us that the action is currently in progress, it is not finished yet.
In other words, it emphasizes the fact that the action is continuing as we speak.
Compare it with the following sentence:
“I have eaten an apple.”
Here the verb form “have eaten” does not only show us the time of the action, but it also gives us an additional piece of information. It tells us that the action is already complete, it is no longer in progress.
In other words, it emphasizes the fact that the action is finished.
Take a look at the following table:
| Action | Verb Form (=Tense) | Sentence | Time | Aspect | Meaning |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| to eat | eat | I eat an apple. | Present | Simple | It simply tells the time. It doesn’t emphasize anything. |
| to eat | am eating | I am eating an apple. | Present | Progressive | It gives the time AND emphasizes the fact that the action is in progress. |
| to eat | have eaten | I have eaten an apple. | Present | Perfect | It gives the time AND emphasizes the fact that the action is finished. |
So you see, these 3 sentences have:
- The same ACTION (eating)
- The same TIME (the present)
- But different ASPECTS, meaning different things we want to emphasize.
So we get 3 different TENSES!
These tenses are:
- Simple Present
- Present Progressive
- Present Perfect
Note that for each tense we change the basic verb in a different way:
- eat
- am eating
- have eaten
This example was for the present, but obviously it’s the same with the past and the future.
Take a look at the following table:
| Aspect/Time | Past | Present | Future |
|---|---|---|---|
| Simple | Simple Past | Simple Present | Simple Future |
| Progressive | Past Progressive | Present Progressive | Future Progressive |
| Perfect | Past Perfect | Present Perfect | Future Perfect |
In the above table TIME and ASPECT combine to create the different English tenses.
